Over the past years cardiovascular sciences have undergone a tremendous evolution. Treatments which were unthinkable in the past, like solving valve regurgitation without opening the patient’s chest, supporting the cardiac function by means of artificial devices, or “reprogramming” the heart to beat at its physiological rhythm are now real treatment options that improve Patients’ outcomes.
Moreover, boundaries between cardiac specialties are becoming less and less defined, as the Professional in the cardiac domain has to be increasingly familiar with different types of approaches and be ready to offer different treatment alternatives to his or her Patients. In this new environment, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, arrythmologists, vascular surgeons not only work together, but also are increasingly familiar with each other’s techniques and perform procedures which may have been considered outside of their own specialty in the past.